Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major widespread health issue that affects millions of patients globally every year. These infections are not only uncomfortable, but also challenging to treat, as they may often reoccur after the first ...

Cooperation often arises through "direct reciprocity," meaning we help others because we expect them to help us in return. A new study conducted by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, the City College of New York, and ...

Microbial communities, such as those found in the gut microbiome or other body regions, are crucial for the health and development of hosts. However, understanding how these microbes interact with each other – whether they compete, cooperate, or ...